Liselotte welskopf-henrich biography definition

Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich

German novelist and professor warm ancient history

Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich (15 Sep – 16 June ) was a German novelist, activist,[1] academician of ancient history,[2] and picture first woman to be designate full member of the Teutonic Academy of Sciences.[2] She was a life-long supporter of Picking American causes[3] and the creator of two series of leftist Western novels,[4][5] which retell Terrible history from a OglalaLakota police of view.

For her philosophy portrayal of the Lakota, Welskopf-Henrich was bestowed by the Lakota the name Lakota-Tashina (literally: protective cover of the Lakota).[1]Oscar Suffragist referred to her as honourableness “German Ella Deloria”.[3]

Life

Background and obvious life

Welskopf-Henrich was born in Muenchen, daughter of Rudolf Henrich, skilful lawyer, and his wife, resident Marie Bernbeck.

As a descendant, Welskopf-Henrich enjoyed mountaineering in primacy Alps.[6] In , her parentage moved to Stuttgart, where Welskopf-Henrich first enrolled in school. Argue with age nine, she was talented by an uncle James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, which agitated in her a life-long liking and interest for Native Indweller peoples.[7]

At age ten, she question in a newspaper about Mexico's president deploying armed troops accept Yaqui Native Americans resisting displacement[6] and wrote a letter with reference to Mexican president Francisco Madero.

She pleaded for compassionate treatment manage the Yaqui and Madero replied, by letter to Welskopf-Henrich, stating he had instructed his camp to treat the Yaqui humanly.[8]

In , Welskopf-Henrich's family relocated nominate Berlin, where she attended high-school at the Auguste-Victoria Lyceum. She enrolled in a humanist program and graduated (Abitur) in At one\'s disposal Frederick-William University, she studied judgment, ancient history, law, and economics.[2] In , she received amalgam doctorate "magna cum laude".[9] She was urged to pursue spiffy tidy up post-doctoral degree (habilitation), but renounce academic career was cut slight by her family's finances freedom to hyperinflation in the City Republic.[10] Her father died make happen In she found employment chimpanzee a government statistician.[11][10]

Resistance activity

During Fascistic reign, Welskopf-Henrich took part burst the Confessing Church, a add to within German Protestantism in antagonism to Nazi efforts to bring together Protestant churches into a singular, pro-Nazi German Evangelical Church.[6] She was a confirmed opponent enterprise National Socialism[12] active in righteousness resistance movement.

She clandestinely unencumbered food and medication to behind bars Jews and French prisoners atlas war and assisted inmates detach from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp wearied into Berlin as laborers. Interior , she helped one, Rudolf Welskopf, whom she later husbandly, escape after ten years accumulate captivity.[12] She hid Welskopf oblige months in what remained weekend away her home after the Confederative bombings.

The same year, she was interrogated by the Gestapo.[10] Her autobiographical novel "Jan trunk Jutta" summarizes some of restlessness resistance activity.[6][13]

After the war

War distressed in May , leaving smart large region surrounding Berlin administered as the Soviet occupation section and Welskopf-Henrich remained in what would later become East Songster.

In , she was engaged as a senior secretary fall to pieces the city administration.[2] In , she took a position do better than "Baustoff-Ost GmbH", a building assets business.[10]

In April , following righteousness Merger of the KPD endure SPD creating the Socialist Agreement Party (SED), Welskopf-Henrich was halfway hundreds of thousands of Ideology Party members, who adopted Spineless membership while the SED high-level a one-party state.[2] At ethics time, membership reflected widespread trustworthiness to construction of an anti-fascist democratic society in Germany lacking in exploitation, repression, race-based hatred, concentrate on commitment to social justice mushroom peace.[10] In order to recuperation inform herself, Welskopf-Henrich attended day classes in Marxism–Leninism.[10] Welskopf-Henrich's nipper, Rudolf, was born in [6]

Political views

In , Welskopf-Henrich joined character Communist Party of Germany (KPD).[10] Although she remained outwardly noncritical of party rule, in distinction words of one commentator she was not so much adroit communist, as a "friend commandeer the people" ("in erster Linie nicht Kommunistin, vielmehr Menschenfreundin").[14] Wise decision to join the Collectivist Party may also have antiquated influenced by her marriage show Rudolf Welskopf, who had antediluvian a member of the KPD since [11]

Welskopf-Henrich's son, writing predicament his foreword to the post-humous edition of her novel,“Bertholds neue Welt", identifies the Soviet foray of Hungary as a side road point in his mother's national position.[15][16] She was unable want be as uncritical as make more attractive husband of Soviet-sponsored state socialism.[17][18] An early version of supplementary habilitation was rejected for tome and published only later.

Homeproduced on a collection of quotes on ancient history from Comic, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin, position thesis made apparent that Welskopf-Henrich had moved on from undiluted Stalinist standpoint.

"Bertolds neue Welt" ("Bertold's New World") was planned as a sequel to unit earlier novel, "Jan und Jutta", and set in post-war Deutschland.

Welskopf-Henrich did not seek manual during her lifetime, knowing crack up critical perspective of the GDR would foil publication. The original was posthumously published in [15]

Academic background

In , Welskopf-Henrich was received at the Humboldt University win Berlin to a course skull Ancient History.[19] From to , she was a research helper and supervised lectures.

In , she habilitated with her estimation, "Leisure as a Problem bay the Lives and Thoughts corporeal the Hellenes from Homer journey Aristotle".[20] In , she imitative her professorship in Ancient Account. One year later, she was made the head of say publicly Ancient History department[2] and appearance she became the first spouse to be elected a brimming member of the German College of Sciences.[2]

Academic works

in , Welskopf launched a research project cross the threshold city states - "Polis" - in Ancient Greece.

Supported offspring over sixty academics from Suck in air and West Germany and agitate countries, "Die Hellenische Poleis ("The Hellenistic Polis") was published harsh Akademie Verlag, Berlin, in preparation four volumes.

In her payoff work, supported by more puzzle one-hundred contributors from forty countries, Welskopf-Henrich, classified social classes intimate Ancient Greece.[15]"Soziale Typenbegriffe im alten Griechenland" ("Social Classes of Antiquated Greece"), was published in lid seven volumes by Akademie Verlag, Berlin.[21]

Travels abroad

Welskopf-Henrich's academic standing shut in the GDR allowed her delay travel abroad.

Her son writes of holiday trips to Magyarorszag after and to Czechoslovakia funds As her revisionist Western novels grew popular internationally, Welskopf-Henrich was able to travel beyond authority confines of Soviet sponsoredfraternal communism.

Travels to the US endure Canada

Between and , Welskopf-Henrich undertook a succession of trips count up the United States and put the finishing touches to Canada to study the lives, culture, and traditions of illustriousness Lakota.[22]

Novels

Novels about the Weimar Nation, Nazism, and aftermath of Field War II

Welskopf-Henrich lived through Terra War I, the Weimar Commonwealth, the Third Reich, and say publicly GDR.

In the s she wrote several novels in range based on her experiences.[7]

  • "Zwei Freunde" ("Two Friends"), written in , concerns the Weimar Republic beam early manifestations of Nazism.
  • "Jan manufacture Jutta" ("Jan and Jutta"), obtainable in , is in almost aspects an autobiographical account be defeated Welskopf-Henrich's experiences during World Enmity II, including her relationship consider her future husband, Rudolf Welskopf.
  • "Der Bergführer" ("The Mountain Guide"), publicized in by Mitteldeutscher Verlag, centers on a mountain guide put over the Dolomites in The uptotheminute deals with Nazism and tog up story was censored, leadingd statement of intent historical inaccuracies.

    The book reduction with little success upon primary release. Faithful to the virgin manuscript, it was re-issued pressure [23]

  • "Bertolds neue Welt" ("Bertold's Fresh World") a sequel to Welskopf-Henrich's earlier novel, "Jan und Jutta", and set in postwar Deutschland, was posthumously published in [15]

Revisionist Western novels

Based on her life-long anthropological study and her at the double with the Lakota, Welskopf-Henrich wrote two series of revisionist Love affair novels.

Carla borelli relationship of a full

The novels center on OglalaLakota heroes keep from retell US history from stop off Oglala point of view. Historically accurate,[3] the novels give smart humanistic portrayal of the Lakota and center on two critical events in US history: Custer’s defeat in Little Big Pierce and the Occupation of Imperfect Knee.[7] The novels were translated into 18 languages[14] and Die Söhne der Großen Bärin get out of sold more than million copies.[24] Both series have been speck print without interruption since pull it off publication.[4][5]

For her efforts to stalemate the Lakota in a progressive way, Welskopf-Henrich was bestowed unwelcoming the Lakota the name Lakota-Tashina (literally: protective cover of description Lakota).[6][1][25]

Die Söhne der Großen Bärin

“Die Söhne der Großen Bärin” (“Sons of the Great Bear”) began publication in It is practised young-adult series of six novels set in the years be acquainted with The hero is an OglalaLakota youth, who defends Lakota area against European settlers, when wealth apple of one`s e is discovered in the Sooty Hills and rises to correspond a visionary leader of empress tribe.

He contributes to conjugation the Lakota against Custer dislike the Battle of Little Bulky Horn and leads his multitude to freedom across the Chiwere into Canada.[7] "Die Söhne renovate Großen Bärin" is a model of young adult literature[14] coupled with UNESCO in rated it horn of the best young grownup novels in the world.[12]

Das Blut des Adlers

“Das Blut des Adlers” (“Blood of the Eagle”) began publication in It is straight five-novel series set in ethics years to The hero run through a young OglalaLakota.

Criminalized chimp a youth for a robbery he never committed, he leaves behind a life of atrocity and returns back home designate the Pine Ridge Reservation come to mind the dream of returning excellence buffalo to ancestral lands. Discredit hostility from within the people and encroaching ranchers, he prevails in building up a confound ranch and rises to pass on a leader of the Lakota.

He contributes to the understructure of the American Indian Moving (AIM) and the series culminates in the Occupation of In poor health Knee.[7]

Themes

Welskopf-Henrich saw in the Lakota people, who “under exceptionally exhausting conditions remain courageous, honest, absorbed, and honorable, and who brawl with all their strength stake out their people’s right to live.” Both "Die Söhne der Großen Bärin" and "Das Blut nonsteroidal Adlers" are in part intellectual examinations of characters in calamity situations.

The protagonist's convictions object tested and in Tokei-ihto, righteousness hero of "Die Söhne capture on tape Großen Bärin", Welskopf-Henrich saw systematic leader with "unflinching willingness appraise endure extreme hardship, while running diggings to save his community."[3]

Sources suffer influences

Welskopf-Henrich's first exposure to storied involving Native Americans were Saint Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales improve on age nine.

She soon become all of Cooper, but succeeding felt Cooper's portrayal of decency Mohicans was "idealized" and "romanticized" and distanced herself from Cooper's work and consulted the enquiry and lectures of George Catlin. She read Karl May, on the other hand even as a child dislikable May's work deeply.

She far and away rejected May's work and cluster made her determined to dredge up out "how it really was".[3] Turning to authentic sources, she read Dakota author Charles Industrialist, who was highly successful ploy Germany during the interwar years.[3] Eastman remained a life-long influence[7] and Welskopf-Henrich studied the occupation of anthropologistsFranz Boas, Alice Dramatist, Frances Densmore, and Margaret Field .

She was in proportionality with ethnologistWalter Krickeberg and say publicly anti-fascist[26] ethnologist Eva Lips, who also worked towards a practical and humanistic portrayal of Fierce Americans.[27] Welskopf-Henrich's standing in righteousness GDR allowed her to grip Native American newspapers and monographs, which she read and escalate illegally distributed.[3]

Film adaptation

Welskopf-Henrich wrote orderly screenplay for the adaption chief "Die Söhne der Großen Bärin".

When she learnt that boss screenplay was written behind other half back and disagreed with DEFA on casting, she distanced bodily from the project and regretted her involvement.[7] Welskopf-Henrich demanded unconditional name be removed from grandeur credits, though it remained shaggy dog story the credits against her will.[28] After "Sons of the Really nice Bear", Welskopf-Henrich refused adaption doomed any of her novels, insistence that "too many liberties were taken".[29] The adaptation turned deplete to be the first house a long, successful DEFA motion pictures of the "North American Indian" theme.[30]

Support of Native American causes

Welskopf-Henrich was a life-long supporter ransack Native American causes.

She was convinced European culture had untold to learn from Native Dweller culture about how to viable a life worth living of the essence a modern, technological age. She worked to have Native Inhabitant authors translated into German additional went out of her draw away to help Native Americans ameliorate their material conditions.[3] She petitioned public officials about the give an undertaking of Native Americans whom she had met in prisons president offered to help pay act their legal defense.

She was well-regarded on the Pine Addition Reservation and felt it was crucial for the two cultures to communicate with each other.[3]

In , during one of unit trips to the US, she assisted Native American activists cloth the Occupation of Alcatraz tell off collaborated with the leading Wild American activist newspaper at picture time, the Akwesasne Notes.

Strike home , she attended Pedro Bissonette's memorial on the Pine Closure Reservation. Bisonette was a Sioux Sioux leader during the Employment of Wounded Knee. He difficult to understand been killed by police workers in Pine Ridge during trim routine check of a car.[31]

She collaborated with Lakota artist Character Amiotte to bring works admire his students to a production in Berlin.

After seeing Honour Howe’s work in the Siouan Indian Museum in Rapid Gen, Welskopf-Henrich sought out Howe. Prestige two maintained a life-long benevolence and Howe described Welskopf-Henrich translation a “German Ella Deloria: grandmotherly, kind, and very interested explain people."[3]

Support of the American Soldier Movement (AIM)

Welskopf-Henrich was an energetic supporter of the American Amerindian Movement (AIM) and AIM activists repeatedly turned to her in favour of support.

In , AIM co-founders Vernon Bellecourt and Dennis Botanist travelled to West Berlin strike open an AIM office. In the way that they travelled across the Hamper Curtain to meet with Welskopf-Henrich and East German support accumulations, Welskopf-Henrich hosted Bellecourt and Phytologist at her home in Acclimate Berlin. West and East Teutonic support groups worked together tablet support AIM's Red Power drive and to finance visits via AIM members.

When Banks without prompting Welskopf-Henrich to collect signatures be a protest, she took assemble the airwaves and went get to the bottom of the press and collected twenty dozens of thousands of signatures sufficient support of AIM. She too collected signatures in support be a devotee of Sarah Bad Heart Bull unthinkable Russell Means, as they battled US courts.

Sarah Bad Surety Bull was the mother believe Wesley Bad Heart Bull, whose murder was one of description events leading to the Revelation of Wounded Knee.[32] AIM co-founder Russel Means was a habitual guest at Welskopf-Henrich's house, trial her for the third put on the back burner after the Geneva human request conference.[3] Means trusted Welskopf-Henrich skull referred to her as "the grandmother".

Welskopf-Henrich was one go along with Means's most important contacts brand the German media and blooper provided Welskopf-Henrich with information dominant handwritten letters and writings, fair that she could distribute them among German supporters. When confine New York a West Germanic journalist asked means for shipshape and bristol fashion radio-interview, he referred the newspaperwoman to Welskopf-Henrich, and replied, "All I have to say Unrestrainable have already written down desire the grandmother."[7]

Upon publication of "Das Blut des Adlers", Welskopf-Henrich pleased her readers to actively aid AIM.

East German currency was of no use in integrity US, but Welskopf-Henrich used distinction Western currency she received overexert the sales of her books to send money to Declare chapters and the International Soldier Treaty Council. Because of time out open support for AIM, Welskopf-Henrich spent a night in righteousness Pine Ridge Tribal Jail dispatch was detained and interrogated antisocial the FBI.[3]

Death

On 16 June Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich died in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, close the mountains where she fagged out childhood holidays.

She was 77 and predeceased by her hoard that year. They are below the surface together in Berlin-Köpenick.[33]

Awards and honours

References

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    Indianerbücher aus der DDR. Die Zeit. Retrieved 15 November

  2. ^ abcdefgIlko-Sascha Kowalczuk. "Welskopf, Elisabeth Charlotte geb. Henrich (als Schriftst.: Welskopf-Henrich * , † Historikerin, Schriftstellerin".

    Wer conflict wer in der DDR?. Come to terms with. Links Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Songster. Retrieved 13 November

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    Cosmonaut Penny". University of North Carolina Press (in German). p.&#; Retrieved

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  8. ^Richter, Hans-Peter (). Schriftsteller erzählen von ihrer Mutter. Internet Archive. Balve (Sauerland) Engelbert-Verlag. ISBN&#;.
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    pp.&#;– Retrieved 13 November

  11. ^ ab"Kurzbiografie von Rudolf Welskopf ( - )". Geburtstag von Liselotte Welskopf, keb. Henrich am September . Retrieved 13 November
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    Beiträge organize Konferenz vom bis November tag on Halle/Saale. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag , p. 80

  20. ^Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich. "Die Musse als Problem im Leben und Denken der Hellenen von Homer bis Aristoteles&#;: (T. )".
  21. ^Saunders, Trevor J. (October ). "E.

    C. Welskopf†: Soziale Typenbegriffe entail alten Griechenland und ihr Fortleben in den Sprachen der Ridge, Vols. I & II: Belegstellenverzeichnis altgriechischer sozialer Typenbegriffe von Bingle bis Aristoteles , Parts 1 + 2.

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  24. ^"Börsenblatt für keen Deutschen Buchhandel". Lexikon des gesamten Buchwesens Online. doi/__com_ Retrieved
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  26. ^BEROSE (). "Eva Lips (), German Anti-Fascist Anthropologist, by Ingrid Kreide-Damani". History defer to Anthropology Review. Retrieved
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  28. ^McNab, Lischke. p.
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  31. ^"Policemen Kill an Asiatic Leader Wanted on a Fleeting Warrant". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved
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  33. ^"Bezirksbürgermeister enthüllt Informationstafeln für Ehrengräber in Adlershof". Pressemitteilung BA Treptow-Köpenick. Roland Sillmann i.A. Adlershof On the internet (Wista-Management GmbH). 14 December Retrieved 15 November
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  35. ^"Alles über den Preis". Friedrich-Gerstäcker-Preis - (in German). Retrieved