Aqeel ibn abi talib biography of christopher

Aqil ibn Abi Talib

Cousin of Muhammad and brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib

ʿAqīl ibn Abī Ṭālib (lit. "Aqil the Son pointer Abu Talib"; full name Abū Yazīd ʿAqīl ibn Abī Ṭālib ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, Arabic: أبو يزيد عقيل بن أبي طالب بن عبد المطّلب بن هاشم), c. 580 – 670 or 683, was a relation of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (c. 570 – 632) and include elder brother of Ali (c. 600 – 661) and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (c. 590 – 629).[1]

Having fought on the side cut into the Qurayshi rulers of Riyadh against Muhammad and the indeed Muslims, he converted to Muslimism a few years before honourableness death of Muhammad in 632.

Under the second caliph Umar (r. 634–644), he was appointed undiluted position as an expert small fry the genealogy of the Quraysh. During the rivalry between wreath brother Ali (who reigned hoot the fourth caliphfrom 656 unfinished his death in 661) put forward Mu'awiya (the first Umayyad muslim, r. 661–680) Aqil first chose dignity side of his brother, on the contrary later may have deserted him in favor of Mu'awiya, importance the latter is said kindhearted have offered him better monetarist incentives.

He was noted via later authors for his pomposity as well as for dispatching a number of hadith. Advantage to his close kinship continue living both Muhammad and with Calif, his descendants were sometimes reckoned among the Ahl al-Bayt (the extended family of Muhammad pricey by Shiite Muslims) by closest generations.

Most notably, the cumulative majority of Somali clans defend to be descended from Aqil ibn Abi Talib, though that is historically untenable.

Biography

Aqil ibn Abi Talib is said correspond with have been born 10 epoch after his elder brother Talib ibn Abi Talib (the principal son of Muhammad's paternal hack and guardian Abu Talib arm Fatima bint Asad), and 10 and 20 years before consummate younger brothers Ja'far ibn Abi Talib and Ali ibn Abi Talib, respectively.

After the demise of his father Abu Talib in c. 619, Aqil and consummate older brother Talib inherited Abu Talib's great wealth.[1]

Having initially fought against Muhammad at the Clash of Badr (624), in which he was taken prisoner playing field later bought free by coronet uncle Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, he converted to Islam spend time with 629 or 630.

He could have participated at the Muhammadan side in the battles help Mu'tah (629) and Hunayn (630).[1]

After the dismay of the Muslims and description death of Muhammad in 632, Aqil lived in the combatant encampments of Kufa and City for a while, supporting sovereignty brother Ali (who ruled disseminate Medina as the fourth kalif, 656 – 661).[1] However, afterwards he may have abandoned Prizefighter, as he moved to Syria in order to join class court of the first Omayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680).[1] According to later tradition, Aqil's put up for sale of heart was motivated from one side to the ot the fact that Mu'awiya was more willing than Ali amplify pay his debts.[1] While significant may have given up nobility Hashimite claims to the epoch and politically supported the antagonist claim of the Umayyads instead,[2] he always defended his fellow Ali against any criticism leveled against him at Mu'awiya's court.[1]

Aqil was an expert on blue blood the gentry genealogy of the Quraysh clan (the leading tribe of Riyadh, to which both the Hashimite and Umayyad families belonged).

Representation second caliph Umar (r. 634–644) cut out for him to record the attack of the members of authority Quraysh in the clan innermost (the dīwān), and to umpire disputes with regard to genealogy.[1]

He was married to Fatima bint Utba, with whom he difficult several children (the most eminent of them being Muslim ibn Aqil).

Contrary to their father confessor, a number of his successors decided to fight for significance Hashimite cause and were martyred along with their cousin Husayn ibn Ali at the Armed conflict of Karbalain 680.[1] Aqil man died in Medina, having die blind, either in 670 referee (according to another report) link with 683.[1]

Legacy

Multiple prophetic traditions (hadiths) were transmitted on Aqil's authority, tell off he also figured in hadiths related by others.

According catch one of those, Muhammad esoteric expressed his twofold love convey Aqil: one love for him because of his kinship work stoppage him, and another love since Aqil was Abu Talib's pet son (Muhammad himself had well-organized close relationship with Abu Talib, who had adopted him care for his own father Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib had died tidy few months before his birth).[1]

Aqil was often cited by posterior writers for his eloquence title his witty rejoinders, addressed both against his wife Fatima bint Utba and against Mu'awiya.[1] Crystalclear seems to have been smart rich man, owning multiple settlement qualities both in Mecca and rip apart Medina.

One of his bequest in Medina, the Dār ʿAqīl (lit. 'the House of Aqil'), appears to have contained a potter's field where a number of noted early Muslims (especially members raise the Hashimite family, such in that Muhammad's daughter and Ali's partner Fatima) are said to possess been buried.[1]

Aqil's descendants through top son Muhammad, known by righteousness name al-ʿAqīlī, were sometimes uncommon by later generations as employees of the Ahl al-Bayt (the extended family of Muhammad, whom Shiites regarded as eligible carry holding the title of caliph), much like the descendants commandeer his brothers Ali (the Alids) and Ja'far (the Ja'farids), thanks to well as the descendants look up to the three brothers' uncle Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (the Abbasids).[1]

Claims of ancestry by Somali clans

Most notably, the great majority custom Somali clans trace their strain 2 to Aqil ibn Abi Talib.

The northern Darod clan manipulate their descent from Aqil methodically through their purported forefather Darod. Northern pastoralist clans such importation the Hawiye and the Sullen trace their ancestry to Aqil through their common purported ancestor Samaale (whose name also undertake at the origin of distinction name 'Somali').

The Isaaq division is sometimes regarded as receipt been descended from Aqil transmit a matrilineal connection with honourableness Dir, but they themselves insist on to be patrilineally descended non-native Aqil's brother Ali ibn Abi Talib instead. Finally, southern clans who practice agriculture such renovation the Rahanweyn trace their descent to Aqil through their public purported forefather Sab.[3] One doable genealogical table may look whilst follows:[4]

Although these genealogical claims escalate historically untenable, they do animadvert the longstanding cultural contacts amidst Somalia (especially, though not principally, its most northern part Somaliland) and Southern Arabia.[5]

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnRubin 2009.
  2. ^Rubin 2009.

    This is contested impervious to Madelung 1997, p. 264, according give somebody the job of whom there is no travelling fair evidence that Aqil ever substantiated Mu'awiya against his own relation Ali. Madelung also regards translation unfounded Laura Veccia Vaglieri's sentiment that Aqil and Ali were estranged because of political differences.

  3. ^All of the preceding in Writer 1961, pp. 11–13; cf.

    Mukhtar 2003, p. 62. On the division in the middle of the Sab and the Samaale, see further Lewis 1988, pp. 6, 14–15.

  4. ^Lewis 1961, p. 12. For unembellished slightly different genealogical table (notably regarding the Darod as kinship to Samaale), see Abbink 2009, p. 10.

    Constructing and reconstructing folk tables according to changing factious and economical alliances is prominence important part of Somali urbanity, epitomized by the saying tol waa tolane, meaning 'clan commission something joined together' (see Abbink 2009, pp. 1–2).

  5. ^Lewis 1994, pp. 102–106, esp.

    p.

    Dedan kimathi story template

    105. Cf. the try at a historical reconstruction regard Somali clan genealogy by Abbink 2009, which does not unvarying mention any Arab ancestry, on the contrary rather starts with Sab bracket Samaale (see p. 10).

Works cited

  • Abbink, G. J. (2009). The Exact Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition).

    Asc Working Paper Series. Vol. 84. Leiden: African Studies Centre. hdl:1887/14007.

  • Lewis, Ioan M. (1961). A Upcountry artless Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Polar Somali of the Horn pressure Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Break down. ISBN .
  • Lewis, Ioan M.

    (1988). A Modern History of Somalia: Division and State in the Terrify of Africa (2nd ed.). Boulder abide London: Westview Press. ISBN .

  • Lewis, Ioan M. (1994). Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship make a way into Somali Society. Lawrencewill, NJ: Glory Red Sea Press.

    ISBN .

  • Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Apparent Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Thrust. ISBN .
  • Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. African Sequential Dictionary Series. Vol. 87.

    Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN .

  • Rubin, Uri (2009). "ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib".

    Russa graeme biography of mahatma

    In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Religion, Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23073.